Concussion: Identifying the Signs and Symptoms

Concussions are a significant concern for many Australians, particularly in contact sports where head injuries are prevalent. According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, thousands of concussions occur annually, affecting not only athletes but also everyday individuals involved in accidents or falls. 

That’s why understanding the signs and symptoms of a concussion is crucial, as timely identification can significantly impact recovery. In this blog, we will discuss key warning signs to look for and highlight the importance of seeking prompt medical attention to ensure proper care and support. By being informed, you can help protect yourself and others from the potential long-term effects of concussion.

What is a Concussion?

A concussion is a type of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that occurs when a sudden impact or jolt to the head disrupts normal brain function. This can happen due to a fall, a sports-related injury, a car accident, or any situation that causes the head to move violently back and forth.

During a concussion, the brain may bounce or twist inside the skull, leading to chemical changes and damaging brain cells. While most individuals recover from a concussion with appropriate rest and care, some may experience prolonged symptoms, a condition known as post-concussion syndrome. This underscores the importance of recognising symptoms early and seeking medical attention. 

Causes of Concussion

Concussions can occur due to various situations that result in a sudden impact or jolt to the head. Here are some common causes of concussions:

Slips, trips, or falls, especially from heights, can cause a sudden blow to the head, leading to concussions.



Sports Injuries

Contact sports like football, rugby, or soccer, as well as activities like boxing, are common sources of head injuries.



Motor Vehicle Accidents

Collisions or crashes can cause a jolt to the brain, resulting in concussions due to the impact.



Physical Altercations

Head trauma from fights or physical confrontations can lead to a concussion.



Explosions

The force from an explosion can cause traumatic brain injury, including concussions, even without direct contact.



Shaking Injuries

Violent shaking, such as in cases of shaken baby syndrome, can lead to serious head injuries like concussions.



Bicycle or Skateboard Accidents

Losing control or falling from a bicycle or skateboard, especially without a helmet, can result in head injuries.



Other High-Impact Activities

Sports like skiing, snowboarding, or extreme activities involve risks of head trauma from high-speed impacts.



Early Signs and Symptoms of Concussion

Delayed Symptoms of Concussion

Diagnosing a Concussion

It’s important to understand that concussion can only be diagnosed by a healthcare professional. That’s why it is crucial to seek medical attention if you’ve experienced a head injury or suspect you may have concussion symptoms. Self-diagnosis can be risky, as symptoms may not always be immediately obvious or may overlap with other conditions. 

To help determine the severity of the injury and recommend the appropriate course of treatment, the healthcare professional will perform the following tests:

Physical Exam

This helps assess any visible signs of injury, such as bruising, swelling, or tenderness around the head and neck.



Neurological Exam

The provider will evaluate your reflexes, balance, coordination, and cognitive functions to check for any disruptions caused by the concussion.



Concussion Assessment Tools

They may use specific tests, such as the SCAT5 (Sports Concussion Assessment Tool), to evaluate memory, attention, and orientation.



Imaging Tests

In some cases, a CT scan or MRI may be recommended to rule out more severe brain injuries like bleeding or swelling.