Living with Parkinson's Disease: Causes, Symptoms, and How to Manage It

Over 150,000 Australians are currently living with Parkinson’s disease, a number that continues to grow as 50 new diagnoses are made every day. This chronic, progressive condition has a profound impact on the lives of those affected and their loved ones. Despite the challenges associated with having Parkinson’s disease, with the right support and tools, it’s possible for individuals to maintain independence and quality of life. Understanding Parkinson’s disease is the first step in managing its effects and finding ways to live well with the condition.

What is Parkinson's Disease?

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the motor system. It occurs when the brain cells responsible for producing dopamine — a chemical messenger that plays a vital role in controlling movement — begin to deteriorate and die. This decline in dopamine levels leads to the hallmark symptoms of Parkinson’s, such as tremors, stiffness, and slowness of movement.

The disease is chronic, meaning it persists over a long period, and progressive, indicating that symptoms worsen over time. Although it is more commonly diagnosed in older adults, Parkinson's can affect younger people, known as Young-Onset Parkinson's. The condition is diverse, affecting each individual differently, with a range of symptoms that may vary in severity and progression.

Causes of Parkinson's Disease

The exact cause of Parkinson’s disease remains unknown, but there are several factors that experts believe to be contributing to its development:

Genetic Factors

Research has identified certain genetic mutations linked to Parkinson’s, particularly in cases where the disease appears to run in families. However, these genetic forms account for a small percentage of cases.

Environmental Factors

Exposure to toxins, such as pesticides and heavy metals, has been associated with an increased risk of Parkinson’s. Prolonged exposure to certain chemicals can potentially damage dopamine-producing neurons in the brain.

Age

The risk of developing Parkinson’s increases with age, with most cases occurring after the age of 60. However, aging itself is not a cause, but it is a significant risk factor.

Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction

Theories suggest that cellular damage caused by free radicals, known as oxidative stress, and problems with cellular energy production in mitochondria may contribute to the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons.

Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson’s disease presents a wide range of symptoms that can be broadly categorised into motor and non-motor symptoms. These symptoms often begin gradually and may worsen over time.

Tremors

Involuntary shaking or trembling, usually starting in the hands or fingers. This is often one of the earliest signs of Parkinson’s and tends to occur at rest.

Bradykinesia

Slowness of movement. Simple tasks are more difficult to execute. This symptom can lead to a distinctive shuffling walk and difficulty initiating movement.

Muscle Rigidity

Stiffness in the limbs and neck, causing discomfort and limiting the range of motion. This can result in a stooped posture and reduced facial expressions.

Postural Instability

Impaired balance and coordination, which increases the risk of falls. People with Parkinson’s may find it challenging to maintain their balance, especially when turning or pivoting.

Non-Motor Symptoms

These include cognitive changes, mood disorders such as depression and anxiety, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and autonomic dysfunction (e.g., constipation, urinary problems, and blood pressure changes).

Treatment Options for Parkinson's Disease

While there is currently no cure for Parkinson’s disease, various treatments are available to manage its symptoms and improve the quality of life:

Medications

The most common treatment involves medications that increase dopamine levels or mimic its effects on the brain. Levodopa, dopamine agonists, and MAO-B inhibitors are frequently prescribed to help manage motor symptoms.

Surgical Options

For those with advanced Parkinson’s who do not respond adequately to medication, surgical options like Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) can be considered. DBS involves implanting electrodes in specific brain areas to regulate abnormal brain activity.

Physical Therapy

Exercise and physical therapy can help maintain mobility, balance, and overall fitness. Therapists may also recommend exercises to improve flexibility and strength.

Occupational Therapy

This focuses on adapting daily activities to enhance independence and safety. It may involve strategies to manage tremors and maintain fine motor skills.

Speech Therapy

Since Parkinson’s can affect speech and swallowing, speech therapy is crucial to maintain communication skills and prevent complications related to swallowing difficulties.

Supportive Therapies

These include complementary therapies such as acupuncture, massage, and yoga, which may help relieve symptoms and improve wellbeing.

How Medical Alarms Provide Peace of Mind

Living with Parkinson’s disease can be an unpredictable journey due to the symptoms fluctuating throughout the day. This inherent unpredictability can cause anxiety, especially for those who live alone. 

INS LifeGuard’s personal alarm systems offer a critical layer of security by providing immediate access to qualified nurses during sudden health issues. Whether it's a fall due to postural instability or an unexpected choking incident, our solutions ensure that help is only a button press away.

Here are some features of our personal alarms that are relevant to anyone with Parkinson’s disease:



Conclusion

There’s no doubt that Parkinson’s disease is a condition that presents numerous challenges to whoever has it, but understanding its causes, symptoms, and treatments can empower those affected to manage their condition effectively.



With the right support systems in place, including INS LifeGuard’s medical alarms, it becomes more possible for individuals to maintain their safety and independence. While there is currently no cure, advances in medical treatments and assistive technologies continue to improve the lives of those living with Parkinson’s. This means there’s hope and reassurance for a better tomorrow.